Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 Journals: Quartiles Explained & How to Verify Them

Journal rankings

Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 journal quartiles explained

Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 divide journals into four ranked groups within a subject category in a particular ranking system. They describe relative citation position; they do not by themselves prove journal integrity, current indexing or suitability for your manuscript.

Maintained by the Beallslists.com editorial review team · Evidence reviewed: · Current verification cycle: 2026

Simple meaning of the quartiles

QuartileGeneral interpretation
Q1Top quarter of journals in the relevant ranked category.
Q2Second quarter.
Q3Third quarter.
Q4Fourth quarter.

The exact calculation depends on the database or metric. A journal can also appear in more than one subject category and therefore have more than one quartile.

Why “Q1 journal” can be ambiguous

  • The ranking provider may not be stated.
  • The journal may be Q1 in one category and Q2 in another.
  • The claim may refer to a previous year.
  • A website may quote an unofficial third-party quartile.

How to verify a quartile claim

  1. Identify the ranking system being claimed.
  2. Search the journal title or ISSN in that system.
  3. Check the subject category.
  4. Check the year.
  5. Save the record if the quartile matters for an institutional requirement.

Quartile is not the same as trustworthiness

Use quartiles for ranking context, not as a substitute for checking identity, current coverage, peer review, fees and publication policies. See how to verify indexing and how to evaluate a journal.

Sources and further verification

Historical records are useful context, but journal ownership, indexing, policies and websites can change. Verify current claims at the original source before making a submission, hiring, promotion or funding decision.